Volkswagen specifications (VW TL standards)
VW TL
Designed to meet the requirements of the Volkswagen Group. These specifications cover both pure zinc finishes and high-performance alloys.
- VW TL 217
- Covers zinc and zinc-nickel coatings free of hexavalent chromium, defining corrosion protection requirements.
- VW TL 244
- Specifies zinc-nickel alloy coatings on steel parts, required for components exposed to engine-bay heat or road salt.
Common applications: Engine brackets, chassis fasteners, clamps and stamped structural components.
General Motors specifications (GMW standards)
GMW
Global GM standards that unify environmental resistance criteria across all vehicle platforms.
- GMW 3044
- Defines requirements for electroplated zinc coatings on iron and steel, setting the type of trivalent passivate and the required thicknesses.
- GMW 4700
- Specifies performance requirements for zinc-nickel alloy coatings, providing superior protection against red rust.
Common applications: Automotive fasteners, brake system components and powertrain parts.
Ford Motor Company specifications (WSS standards)
Ford WSS
Ford engineering standards that define the approved chemical processes for protecting components against rust.
- WSS-M1P85
- Covers electroplated zinc coatings applied in barrel or rack, with trivalent passivates free of hexavalent chromium.
- WSS-M1P87
- Sets the technical guidelines for zinc-nickel alloy deposits, ensuring resistance in mechanical assemblies.
Common applications: Fluid connections, fuel lines, lock nuts and hinges.
Nissan specifications (NES standards)
Nissan NES
Nissan Engineering Standards that define surface quality and durability requirements for chemical conversion and electroplating treatments.
- NES M4040
- Specifies requirements for electroplated zinc and its subsequent hexavalent-chromium-free passivation.
- NES M4060
- Defines process and resistance parameters for engineered zinc-nickel finishes.
Common applications: Suspension components, structural fasteners and internal engine hardware.